‘^^^%ecbnd  Series  Bulletin  No.  6 

THE  INSTITUTE  OF 
INTERNATIONAL  EDUCATION 

INTERNATIONAL  RELATIONS  CLUBS 

SYLLABUS  NO.  VII 

HISPANIC-AMERICAN  HISTORY,  1826-1920 
By  William  Whatley  Pierson,  Jr.,  Ph.D. 

Professor  of  History  in  the  University  of  North  Carolina 


NEW  YORK 
AUGUST,  1921 


The  Institute  of  International  Education 

419  West  117th  Street,  New  York 
Stephen  P.  Duggan,  Ph.D. 

DIRECTOR 

Mary  L.  Waite 

EXECUTIVE  SECRETARY 


Telephone:  Morningside  8491 


Cable  Address;  “Intered” 


ADMINISTRATIVE  BOARD 


Herman  V.  Ames 
L.  H.  Baekeland 
Marion  Le  Roy  Burton 
Nicholas  Murray  Butler 
Stephen  Pierce  Duggan 
Dr.  Walter  B.  James 
Alice  Duer  Miller 


Paul  Monroe 
John  Bassett  Moore 
Henry  Morgenthau 
Dwight  W.  Morrow 
E.  H.  Outerbridge 
Henry  S.  Pritchett 
Mary  E.  Woolley 


BUREAU  DIVISIONS 


Europe  Stephen  P.  Duggan 

Far  East  Paul  Monroe 

Latin  America  Peter  H.  Goldsmith 

Scholarships  and  Fellowships  Virginia  Newcomb 

International  Relations  Clubs  Margaret  C.  Alexander 


Institute  of  International  Education 


International  Relations  Clubs 
Syllabus  No.  VII 


Hispanic-American  History,  1826-1920 
By  William  Whatley  Pierson,  Jr.,  Ph.D. 

Professor  of  History  in  the  University  of  North  Carolina 


August,  1921 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2017  with  funding  from 
Columbia  University  Libraries 


https://archive.org/details/hispanicamericanOOpier 


INTRODUCTORY  NOTE 

In  the  establishment  of  the  independence  of  South  America  the  United  States 
have  the  deepest  interest.  I have  no  hesitation  in  asserting  my  firm  belief  that 
there  is  no  question  in  the  foreign  policy  of  this  country,  which  has  ever  arisen, 
or  which  I can  conceive  as  ever  occurring,  in  the  decision  of  which  we  have  had 
or  can  have  so  much  at  stake. — Henry  Clay:  The  Emancipalion  of  South 
America. 

In  view  of  the  great  interest  manifested  in  Hispanic  America  at 
the  present  time,  no  plea  need  be  made  for  the  study  of  its  history, 
if,  indeed,  it  be  ever  necessary  to  make  a plea  for  the  study  of  history 
in  any  field.  In  respect  of  the  United  States,  this  interest  is  due  in 
part  to  the  opening  of  the  Panama  canal  and  to  the  questions  that 
have  arisen  between  our  government  and  the  nations  of  the  Carib- 
bean, and  in  part  to  the  demands  and  results  of  the  recent  war, 
which  have  impressed  upon  our  people  the  importance  of  oppor- 
tunities for  trade  that  formerly  either  did  not  exist  or  were  not 
recognized.  Those  who  have  given  thought  to  the  subject  are 
convinced  that  the  economic,  political,  diplomatic,  intellectual  and 
social  importance  of  the  Hispanic-American  countries  renders 
urgent  a thorough  study  of  them  and  a sympathetic  understanding 
of  their  history,  institutions,  languages,  literature  and  customs. 
The  appreciation  of  these  considerations,  and  the  new  sense  of 
obligation  and  opportunity  that  springs  from  it,  seem  to  mark 
the  dawning  of  another  era  in  the  history  of  the  western  hemi- 
sphere; for,  according  to  James  Bryce,  the  part  that  the  peoples  of 
the  Hispanic-American  republics  are  to  play  “must  henceforth  be 
one  of  growing  significance  for  the  Old  World  as  well  as  for  the 
New.”  It  may  be  assumed  that  this  new  era  will  be  of  a char- 
acter distinctly  inter-american,  and  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  this  re- 
cently awakened  interest  on  the  part  of  our  people  in  whatever 
pertains  to  the  southern  countries  of  America  will  develop  broadly 
and  steadily  and  will  endure  throughout  the  long  future. 

Students  who  desire  to  study  the  subject  more  in  detail  will  find 
valuable  aid  in  the  following  bibliographies:  the  several  monu- 
mental works  of  Jose  Toribio  Medina,  covering  Chile,  Argentina 


and  Mexico;  P.  H.  Goldsmith’s  A Brief  Bibliography  (The  Mac- 
millan Company) ; the  Bibliographic  Hispanique,  an  annual  publi- 
cation of  the  Hispanic  Society  of  America;  and  the  lists  and  cata- 
logues of  books,  pamphlets,  periodicals  and  maps  prepared  by  the 
Pan  American  Union  and  printed  by  the  United  States  government. 
The  last  mentioned  are:  the  lists  that  relate  to  Brazil  (1901), 
Central  America  (1902),  and  Chile  (1903),  compiled  by  P.  Lee 
Phillips;  the  catalogue  of  books,  periodicals,  etc.,  which  may  be 
consulted  in  the  library  of  the  Pan  American  Union,  and  which  ap- 
peared successively  in  1905,  1907,  1909  and  1914;  and  many 
lists  of  works  that  treat  of  the  Hispanic-American  countries  sepa- 
rately. They  cover  Argentina,  Brazil,  Chile,  Costa  Rica,  Cuba, 
Ecuador,  Colombia,  Mexico,  Peru  and  Paraguay.  A valuable  list 
of  bibliographies  is  given  in  the  articles  by  C.  K.  Jones,  entitled 
“Hispanic-American  Bibliographies,”  published  in  the  Hispanic- 
American  Historical  Review  (1920-1921).  The  magazine  just  al- 
luded to  is  to  be  recommended,  not  only  for  its  own  articles  and 
reviews,  but  also  for  the  bibliographical  lists  it  contains  of  recently 
published  books  and  articles  that  relate  to  the  Hispanic  countries 
of  America.  Inter-America,  founded  four  years  ago  by  the  Carnegie 
Endowment  for  International  Peace,  has  published,  in  its  English 
issues,  numerous  important  articles  translated  from  Hispanic- 
American  sources,  and  files  of  it  may  be  consulted  in  many  libraries. 

By  permission  of  the  University  of  North  Carolina,  certain  parts 
of  my  Syllabus  of  Hispanic  American  History  are  reproduced  here. 

William  Whatley  Pierson,  Jr. 


Chapel  Hill,  North  Carolina 


CHAPTER  I 


EARLY  RELATIONS  OF  HISPANIC  AMERICA  WITH  THE 
UNITED  STATES:  THE  MONROE  DOCTRINE 

1.  Diffusion  of  revolutionary  ideas  and  political  opinions  of  the  United  States 

in  South  America 

2.  Part  played  by  Spanish-Americans  in  the  war  of  independence  in  the  United 

States 

3.  Part  played  by  the  United  States  in  the  Hispanic- American  wars  of  inde- 

pendence; diplomatic  relations  of  United  States  and  the  de  facto  govern- 
ments and  peoples  of  Hispanic  America,  1810-1822;  early  Pan  American- 
ism of  Henry  Clay 

4.  Early  ideas  as  to  an  American  concert 

5.  Jefferson  and  John  Adams  on  South  America 

6.  Early  statements  of  the  Monroe  Doctrine 

7.  Evolution  of  Monroe  Doctrine  during  the  revolutionary  wars;  the  part  of 

Hispanic  America 

8.  The  attitude  of  the  European  states  toward  Hispanic  America  after  the 

Congress  of  Vienna 

a.  Effects  of  the  American  revolutionary  wars  upon  European  politics  and 

diplomacy 

b.  The  policy  of  intervention  as  conceived  by  Metternich 

c.  The  Holy  Alliance  and  the  Concert  of  Europe 

d.  Application  of  the  policy  of  intervention 

e.  The  congresses  of  Laibach,  Troppau,  Verona 

f.  The  attitude  of  Great  Britain 

9.  Recognition  of  the  Spanish-American  countries  by  the  United  States,  1822 

10.  The  Canning- Rush- Adams  correspondence 

1 1 . The  message  of  Monroe 

12.  Reception  of  the  Monroe  Doctrine  in  South  America  and  in  Europe 

13.  The  Monroe  Doctrine,  1823-1828;  proposals  of  alliance  made  by  the  South 

American  countries  to  the  United  States 

14.  Their  recognition  by  Great  Britain,  Spain  and  other  European  states 

Readings: 

Annals  of  the  American  Academy  of  Political  and  Social  Science,  July,  1914 
Bigelow,  John,  American  Policy 

Bingham,  Hiram,  The  Monroe  Doctrine,  an  Obsolete  Shibboleth 
Bryce,  James,  South  America,  Observations  and  Impressions:  422-451 
Calderon,  F.  Garcia,  Latin  America,  its  Rise  and  Progress:  58-85 
Chadwick,  F.  E.,  The  Relations  of  Spain  and  the  United  States  (2  Vols.) 
Coolidge,  A.  C.,  The  United  States  as  a World  Power 


Edgington,  F.  B.,  History  of  the  Monroe  Doctrine 
Gilman,  Daniel  C.,  James  Monroe 

Hall,  A.  B.,  The  Past,  Present  and  Future  of  the  Monroe  Doctrine  (Syllabus 
No.  II  of  this  series) 

Hart,  A.  B.,  The  Monroe  Doctrine 

Koebel,  W.  H.,  British  Exploits  in  South  America:  163-254 

Manning,  W.  R.,  Early  Diplomatic  Relations  between  the  United  States  and  Mexico 

Moore,  J.  B.,  Digest  of  International  Law  (sections  on  the  Monroe  Doctrine) 

Paxson,  F.  L.,  The  Independence  of  the  South  American  Republics 

Quesada,  Ernesto,  La  doctrina  Monroe 

Robertson,  W.  S.,  Reception  of  the  Monroe  Doctrine  {Political  Science  Quarterly, 

1915) 

Shepherd,  W.  R.,  Bolivar  and  the  United  States  {Hisp.  Am.  Hist.  Rev.  1918) 
Torres,  Manuel,  An  Exposition  of  the  Commerce  of  South  America 


CHAPTER  II 

POLITICAL  THEORIES  AND  EARLY  REPUBLICAN  INSTITUTIONS 

1.  The  monarchial  idea  versus  the  republican;  opinions  of  the  revolutionary 

leaders;  Bolivar,  San  Martin,  Rivadavia,  Belgrano,  Sucre,  Paez,  etc. 

2.  Early  political  parties  or  groups,  and  their  theories 

a.  Unitary;  federalist;  conservative;  and  radical 

b.  Liberal  and  conservative  writers  on  politics:  Lastarfia,  Bilbao,  Echeverria, 

Montalvo,  Vigil,  Sarmiento,  Bello,  Alberdi,  Herrera,  Acosta 

c.  Influence  of  France  on  political  theorists 

3.  Political  factions 

Military;  clerical;  civilian;  lay 

4.  Party  methods  and  politics 

5.  Ballots  and  elections;  restrictions  of  the  suffrage 

6.  Popular  apathy  in  political  affairs;  personal  politics 

7.  Character  of  governments 

a.  Federal  and  unitary 

b.  Revolution  as  a means  of  political  action 

8.  Early  constitutions;  separation  of  powers 

9.  The  office  of  the  executive 

a.  Constitutional  powers  in  various  countries 

b.  Prestige  and  dignity  of  office 

c.  Early  t>-pes  of  executives:  tyrants;  dictators;  liberators;  restorers; 

caudillos;  regeneradores 

10.  Character  and  powers  of  congress;  congress  versus  president;  experiments 

with  unicameral  legislatures 

11.  Influence  of  English  and  French  cabinet  systems  of  government 

12.  The  judiciary  in  Hispanic  America 

a.  Constitutional  powers  and  position  in  administration 

b.  Judicial  review  of  legislation 

13.  Early  conventions  and  platforms;  “plans;”  pronunciamentos 


14-  Municipal  government 

a.  General  characteristics 

b.  Police  systems 

c.  Public  service 

d.  Prisons 

Readings; 

Alberdi,  Juan  Bautista,  Las  bases  y pimtos  de  partida  para  la  organizacion 
polUica  de  la  Republica  Argentina 

■,  Estudios  economicos 

— — , Del  Gobierno  en  Sud  America 

Alvarez,  Agustin,  South  America;  ensayo  de  psicologia  politica 

Amunategui,  M.  L.,  Vida  de  don  Andres  Bello 

Calderon,  F.  Garcfa,  Latin  America,  its  Rise  and  Progress:  100-350 

Fuenzalida  Grandon,  Alejandro,  Lastarria  y su  tiempo 

Herrera,  Julio,  Anarcuismo  y defensa  social 

Ingenieros,  Jose,  Sociologia  Argentina 

Lastarria,  J.  V.,  Lecciones  de  politica  positiva  en  la  Academia  de  Bellas  Letras 
Pereyra,  Carlos,  El  pensamiento  de  Alberdi 
Sarmiento,  D.  F.,  El  Facundo 

, Life  in  the  Argentine  Republic 

Shepherd,  W.  R.,  Latin  America:  81-96 

Unquera,  A.,  Balbin  de,  Andres  Bello,  su  epoca  y sus  obras 

Books  on  individual  countries 


CHAPTER  III 

POLITICAL  HISTORY,  1826-1914 


1.  The  three  phases 

a.  1826-1850,  age  of  dictators 

b.  1850-1876,  struggle  for  stability 

c.  1876 — ^ — ■,  rise  of  great  states  and  economic  progress 

2.  Typical  dictators 

a.  Garda  Moreno — Ecuador 

b.  Ram6n  Castilla — Peru 

c.  Rosas — Argentina 

d.  Paez  and  Guzman  Blanco — Venezuela 

e.  Santa  Anna  and  Diaz — Mexico 

f.  Estrada  Cabrera — Guatemala 

g.  Francia  and  Solano  Lopez — ^Paraguay 

h.  Melgarejo— Bolivia 

3.  The  states  of  South  America 
a.  Argentina 

(i)  The  presidency  of  Rivadavia 

(a)  Educational  and  economic  reforms 

(b)  Political  parties;  federalism  versus  unitarism 


(7] 


(c)  The  war  with  Brazil;  Argentine  claims  to  Uruguay;  battle  of 

Ituzaingo;  operations  of  Admiral  Brown ; the  treaty  of  peace 

(d)  Overthrow  of  Rivadavia’s  government 

(2)  The  problem  of  caudillism  in  Argentina;  separatist  movements  within 

certain  provinces;  Ramirez,  Bustos,  Lopez,  Quiroga,  Jose  Aldao, 
Ferre,  Ibarra 

(3)  Civil  war;  conflict  between  Buenos  Aires  and  the  provinces;  Dorrego; 

Lavalle;  Rosas;  battle  of  Tablada;  triumph  of  Rosas 

(4)  The  era  of  Rosas 

(a)  Methods  of  government ; the  mazorca 

(b)  Exile  of  the  unitarists;  resistance  of  General  Paz 

(c)  Effects  of  his  rule  upon  the  country 

(d)  Relations  with  foreign  powers;  European  intervention 

(e)  Intervention  of  Rosas  in  Uruguay;  support  of  Oribe;  the  siege  of 

Montevideo 

(f)  Efforts  to  overthrow  Rosas 

(5)  General  Urquiza;  the  alliance  to  destroy  Rosas;  invasion  of  Argen- 

tina; battle  of  Caseros,  1851 

(6)  Presidency  of  Urquiza ; constitution  of  1853 

(7)  Separatism  in  Buenos  Aires;  Derqui  and  Mitre;  battle  of  Pavon 

(8)  Administration  of  Mitre 

(9)  Sarmiento  and  educational  reform;  increased  prosperity;  Avellaneda 

(10)  President  Roca;  the  southward  movement  in  Argentina;  internal 

improvements 

(i  i)  Juarez  Celman;  the  panic;  efforts  of  Roca  and  Mitre  to  prevent  civil 
war;  Pellegrini;  Saenz  Pena;  Roca’s  second  administration 

(12)  Boundary  disputes  with  Chile  and  Brazil;  arbitration  treaty ; economic 

development;  currency  legislation 

(13)  Contemporary  government  and  politics 

(a)  Provincial  and  national  powers;  right  of  intervention;  state  of 

siege 

(b)  The  federal  district  of  Buenos  Aires 

(c)  Quintana;  Figuroa;  Roque  Saenz  Pena 

Readings: 

Bunge,  A.  E.,  Ferrocarriles  argentinos 

Chandler,  C.  L.,  The  Argentine  Southward  Movement  (Bulletin  Pan  American 
Union,  1914) 

Escobar,  J.  B.,  Los  presidentes  argentinos 
Groussac,  Paul,  Los  que  pasaban  (biographical) 

, Estudios  de  historia  argentina 

Hirst,  W.  A.,  Argentina 

Ingenieros,  Jose,  Sociologia  argentina 

Koebel,  W.  H.,  Argentina,  Past  and  Present 

Lamos,  Andres,  La  Obra  econdmica  de  Bernardino  Rivadavia 

Levene,  R.,  Lecciones  de  historia  argentina 

Lopez,  V.  F.,  Historia  de  la  Republica  de  Argentina  (Vols.  IX  and  X) 

Martinez,  A.  B.  and  Lewandowski,  Maurice,  The  Argentine  in  the  Twentieth 
Century 


18] 


Merou,  Garcia,  Historia  de  la  Republica  Argentina 
Mitre,  B.,  Historia  de  San  Martin,  (4  vols.) 

Martinez,  Paz,  E.,  Dalmacio  Velez  Sarsfield  y el  codigo  civil  argentine 

Pennington,  A.  S.,  The  Argentine  Republic 

Pilling,  William,  trans.,  Historia  de  Belgrano,  (3  vols.) 

Ramos  Mejia,  Jose  N.,  Rosas  y su  tiempo,  (3  vols.) 

Tornquist  & Co.,  Ernesto,  The  Economic  Development  of  Argentina  during  the 
Last  Fifty  Years 

b.  Brazil 

(1)  Brazil  and  Portugal,  1807-1822 

(a)  Arrival  of  Joao  VI ; political  and  economic  reforms 

(b)  The  kingdom  of  Brazil;  policy  toward  Uruguay 

(c)  Anti-Portuguese  sentiment  in  politics 

(d)  Portuguese  revolution  of  1820;  recall  of  Joao  VI;  demand  for 

constitution  in  Brazil 

(e)  The  regency  of  Pedro;  the  revolution;  independence  of  Brazil; 

establishment  of  the  empire;  the  constitution 

(f)  Services  of  Lord  Cochrane. 

(2)  The  reign  of  Pedro  I,  1822-1831 

(a)  Absolutist  tendencies;  operation  of  the  constitution 

(b)  The  character  and  services  of  Pedro  I ; general  policies 

(c)  The  revolution  in  Uruguay;  the  war  with  Argentina;  invasion  of 

Brazil;  battle  of  Ituzaingo 

(d)  The  Portuguese  problem;  abdication  of  Pedro  I 

(3)  The  regency,  1831-1840 

(a)  Services  of  Feijo 

(b)  Political  disorders;  problems  of  federalism;  secessionist  tenden- 

cies in  Rio  Grande  do  Sul 

(c)  Vasconcellos ; the  Andrades 

(d)  The  emperor  declared  of  age 

(4)  The  reign  of  Pedro  II,  1840-1889 

(a)  Character,  training,  political  theories 

(b)  Establishment  of  order;  economic  prosperity;  educational, 

parliamentary,  administrative,  and  political  progress;  Marquis 
de  Parana,  Caxias,  the  Rio  Brancos 

(c)  Diplomatic  policies;  intervention  in  Uruguay,  the  war  against 

Rosas 

(d)  The  war  against  Paraguay:  alliance  of  Brazil,  Argentina  and 

Uruguay;  services  of  Brazil;  general  results  (see  Paraguay) 

(e)  Anti-slavery  movement  in  Brazil ; legislation ; political  significance 

(f)  Republican  sentiment;  Benjamin  Constant 

(g)  Deposition  of  the  emperor;  the  army  question;  establishment  of 

the  republic 

(5)  The  republic;  federal  constitution  of  1891 ; political  parties 

(6)  Early  disorder,  1891-1893,  Deodoro  da  Fonseca,  Peixoto,  Mello; 

election  of  Dr.  Prudente  de  Moraes  Barros;  progress  toward  stability 


(7)  Administrations  of  Campos  Salles ; Rodriguez  Alves ; Alfonso  Penna ; 

boundary  disputes  and  arbitrations  with  British  Guiana  and 
Bolivia 

(8)  The  westward  movement  in  Brazil 

(9)  Colonization  experiments  and  achievements;  state  and  national 

(10)  Contemporary  government  and  politics 

Readings : 

Buley,  E.  C.,  North  Brazil 
, South  Brazil 

Cambridge  Modern  History  (Vol.  X,  310-339;  Vol.  XII,  674-676) 

Denis,  Pierre,  Brazil 

Domville-Fife,  C.  W.,  The  United  States  of  Brazil 
Elliott,  L.  E.,  Brazil 

Fabricatore,  Carlo,  La  Rivoluzione  del  Bresile 
Grossi,  V.,  Storia  della  Colonizazione  Europea  al  Brazile 
Koebel,  W.  H.,  British  Exploits  in  South  America;  281-373 
Lima,  M.  de  Oliviera,  Historia  diplcmdtica  do  Brazil  e reconhecimiento  do  Imperio 
Martin,  P.  A.,  Causes  of  the  Collapse  of  the  Brazilian  Empire  {Hisp.  Am.  Hist. 
Rev.,  1921) 

Mulhall,  M.  G.,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul  and  its  German  Colonies 
Pinheiro,  C.  M.,  Historia  do  Brazil  (12  vols.) 

Ribeiro,  Joao,  Historia  do  Brazil 

Silva,  J.  M.  Pereira  da,  Historia  da  fundagdo  do  Imperio  Brazileiro 
Varnhagen,  F.  A.  de,  Historia  Geral  do  Brazil  (Vol.  II) 

Watson,  R.  G.,  Spanish  and  Portuguese  South  America  (Vol.  II,  256-270) 
Winter,  N.  O.,  Brazil  and  Her  People  of  Today 
c.  Chile 

(1)  Government  and  dictatorship  of  Bernardo  O’Higgins 

(2)  Revolutionary  disorders;  General  Freire;  party  politics;  federalism 

versus  unitarism;  presidential  changes 

(3)  Success  of  the  pelucones;  work  of  Prieto  and  Portales;  the  constitu- 

tion of  1833 

(4)  The  conservative  regime,  1831-1871;  the  ten  year  presidents,  Prieto, 

Bulnes,  Manuel  Montt,  Perez 

(a)  The  traditions  of  order 

(b)  War  with  the  Perii-Bolivia  confederation  of  Santa  Cruz;  battle  of 

Yungay 

(c)  Conservative  politics  and  legislation;  educational  and  ecclesiasti- 

cal problems 

(d)  War  with  Spain,  1865 

(e)  Revival  of  the  liberal  party;  election  of  Errazuriz 

(5)  The  problem  of  the  Araucanian  Indians 

(6)  The  War  of  the  Pacific 

(a)  The  northern  boundary  of  Chile  in  history 

(b)  Discovery  and  development  of  guano  and  nitrate  deposits 

(c)  Immigration  of  Chileans  in  disputed  region;  Chilean  capital 

invested;  law  of  1842;  military  demonstration  at  Mejillones 


(d)  Treaties  respecting  disputed  territory,  1866,  1874,  1875;  the 

Perii-Bolivia  treaty  of  alliance  of  1873;  international  aspects  of 
the  situation;  Argentina  involved;  Chilean  military  and  naval 
preparations 

(e)  Alleged  treaty  violation  by  Bolivia;  the  question  of  taxes  on 

nitrate;  military  occupation  of  Antofagasta;  war  between 
Chile  and  Bolivia;  failure  of  Peruvian  mediation;  Peru  involved 
in  the  war;  attitude  of  Hispanic-American  countries 

(f)  The  war  on  the  sea : Prat  and  Grau;  Battle  of  Angamos;  block- 

ades; international  complications 

(g)  The  war  on  land;  comparative  resources;  battles  of  Dolores  and 

Tarapaca;  incapacity  of  Prado  and  Daza;  retreat  from  Cama- 
rones;  campaign  in  Peru;  battles  of  Chorillos  and  Miraflores; 
guerilla  warfare  against  army  of  occupation 

(h)  The  treaty  of  Ancon;  the  Tacna  and  Arica  provision;  profits  of 

the  w^ar;  prestige  of  Chile 

(i)  Chilean  politics  during  the  war;  Pinto  and  Santa  Maria 

(7)  Administration  of  Santa  Maria;  liberal  measures 

(8)  Balmaceda  and  the  struggle  between  president  and  congress 

(a)  Political  and  economic  causes 

(b)  The  constitutional  question;  operation  of  the  cabinet  system 

(c)  The  civil  war:  activities  of  the  navy  under  Jorge  Montt;  cam- 

paign around  Iquique;  battles  of  Concon  and  Placilla 

(d)  The  “Itata”  affair;  the  attack  on  sailors  of  the  “Baltimore” 

(9)  The  administration  of  Jorge  Montt;  reconstruction;  diplomatic 

relations  between  Chile  and  the  United  States;  relations  with 
Bolivia;  Chile  and  the  execution  of  the  Treaty  of  Ancon. 

(10)  Boundary  dispute  with  Argentina;  treaty  of  arbitration  and  con- 

ciliation; the  “Christ  of  the  Andes” 

(11)  Contemporary  government  and  politics 

(a)  The  cabinet  system  in  Chile 

(b)  Contemporary  political  parties 

(c)  Local  government 

(12)  Economic,  educational,  and  social  progress 
Readings: 

Amunategui,  M.  L.,  and  Vicuna  Mackenna,  Benjamin,  La  dictadur a de  0’ Hig- 
gins 

Barros  Arana,  Diego,  Historia  general  de  Chile  (12  vols.) 

, Historia  de  la  guerra  del  Pacifica 

Belaunde,  Victor  Andres,  Nuestra  cnesHon  con  Chile 
Blanlot  Holley,  Anselmo,  Historia  de  la  paz  entre  Chile  y el  Peru 
Borchard,  E.  M.,  Opinion  on  the  Controversy  between  Peru  and  Chile 
Bulnes,  Gonzalo,  La  Guerra  del  Pacifica  (10  vols.) 

',  Las  causas  de  la  guerra  entre  Chile  y el  Peril 

Caivano,  Tomas,  Narracion  historica  de  la  guerra  de  Chile  con  el  Peril  y Bolivia 

, Historia  de  la  guerra  de  America,  entre  Chile,  Peru  y Bolivia 

Calderon,  F.  Garda,  Latin  America,  its  Rise  and  Progress:  164-179 


Egana,  Rafael,  Historia  de  la  dictadura  y la  revolucion  en  Chile  en  i8gi 

, The  Tacna  and  Arica  Question 

Gutierrez,  Alberto,  La  Guerra  de  i8yg 
Hancock,  A.  U.,  ^ History  of  Chile:  200-455 

Macy,  Jesse  and  J.  W.  Gannaway,  Comparative  Free  Government:  663-672 
Markham,  C.  R.,  The  War  between  Peru  and  Chile 
Maurtua,  V.  M.,  The  Question  of  the  Pacific 

Paz  Soldan,  Mariano  Felipe,  Narracion  historica  de  la  guerra  de  Chile  contra 
el  Peru  y Bolivia 

Perez  Canto,  J ulio,  El  confiicto  despues  de  la  victoria 

Reinsch,  P.  S.,  Parliamentary  Government  in  Chile  {American  Political  Science 
Review:  Vol.  Ill,  507  et  seq.) 

Scott  Elliott,  G.  F.,  Chile 

Vicuna  Mackenna,  Obras  historicas  sobre  Chile 

, La  guerra  del  Pacifico 

d.  Uruguay 

(1)  The  Brazilian  occupation  and  administration;  Uruguayan  resistance; 

the  expedition  of  the  “Thirty-Three”;  war  between  Argentina  and 
Brazil ; battle  of  Ituzaingo 

(2)  The  independence  of  Uruguay;  constitution  of  1830 

(3)  Political  parties  in  Uruguay;  Lavalleja,  Rivera,  Oribe 

(4)  Relations  of  Uruguay  with  Rosas;  siege  of  Montevideo;  participation 

of  Uruguay  in  the  overthrow  of  Rosas 

(5)  General  Flores;  the  Brazilian  intervention  of  1865 

(6)  War  with  Paraguay  (see  Paraguay) 

(7)  Progress  toward  political  stability;  President  Cuestas,  1897-1903 

(8)  Economic  and  educational  development ; ecclesiastical  legislation 

(9)  Contemporary  government  and  politics;  Jos6  Batlle  y Ordbnez 

Readings: 

Acevedo,  P.  B.,  Historia  de  la  Republica  Oriental  del  Uruguay 
Araujo,  Orestes,  Gobernantes  del  Uruguay  (2  vols.) 

Koebel,  W.  H.,  Uruguay 

Mascaro,  Pedro,  Revista  del  Archive  Administrativo  6 colleccidn  de  documentos 
para  servir  al  estudio  de  la  historia  de  la  Republica  Oriental  del  Uruguay  (3  vols.) 
Miranda,  J.  O.,  Compendia  de  historia  nacional 
Mitre,  M.  de  Vedia,  y,  El  gobierno  de  Uruguay 
San  Martin,  J.  Zorrilla  de.  La  epopeya  de  Artigas 

e.  Peru 

(1)  Bolivar  as  President  of  Peru;  rivalry  of  Santa  Cruz  and  La  Mar; 

relations  with  Ecuador 

(2)  Administration  of  Gamarra;  civil  war,  1833-1835;  Bolivian  inter- 

vention; partition  of  Peru;  the  Peru-Bolivian  confederation 

(3)  The  Chilean  attack  on  the  confederation;  battle  of  Yungay;  con- 

tinued civil  war 

(4)  Ramon  Castilla;  constitution  of  i860 

(5)  Pezet  and  the  Spanish  intervention;  Prado;  battle  of  Callao 


(6)  Balta;  Prado;  financial  difficulties 

(7)  The  alliance  with  Bolivia,  1873 

(8)  War  with  Chile;  the  Peruvian  case  (see  Chile) 

(9)  Dictatorship  of  Caceres;  the  “Peruvian  Corporation”;  revolution  of 

1895;  Pierola 

(10)  Efforts  of  Peru  to  have  Treaty  of  Ancon  fulfilled 

(11)  Contemporary  government  and  politics 
Readings: 

Knock,  C.  R.,  Peru 

Lorente,  Sebastian,  Historia  del  Peru  desde  la  Proclamacidn  de  la  independencia 

Markham,  C.  R.,  ^ History  of  Peru 

Martin,  P.  F.,  Peru  in  the  Twentieth  Century 

Rene-Moreno,  Gabriel,  Bolivia  y Peru 

Riva  Agiiero,  Jose  de  la.  La  historia  en  el  Peru 

Vivian,  E.  C.  H.,  Peru 

Wright,  M.  R.,  Peru 

f.  Bolivia 

(i)  Presidency  of  Sucre;  Bolivar’s  constitution 

(2j  Dictatorship  of  Santa  Cruz;  formation  of  the  Peru- Bolivia  con- 
federation 

(3)  The  war  with  Chile,  1837-1839 

(4)  Ballivian  as  dictator;  Peruvian  aggressions,  1841;  battle  of  Yngavi; 

relations  between  the  two  countries 

(5)  Belzii;  Linares;  Melgarejo;  Morales;  Daza 

(6)  The  War  of  the  Pacific  (see  Chile) 

(7)  Campero;  Pacheco;  Arce;  Alonso;  Pando;  sale  of  the  Acre  territory 

(8)  Contemporary  government  and  politics 
Readings: 

Guzman,  A.,  Libertad  0 despotismo  en  Bolivia 
Lopez,  M.  0.,  Bosquejo  de  la  historia  de  Bolivia 
Valdes,  R.  S.,  Estudio  htstorico  de  Bolivia 
Walle,  Paul,  Bolivia 
Wright,  M.  R.,  Bolivia 

g.  Paraguay 

(1)  The  rule  of  Francia,  1813-1840 

(a)  Personality  and  character  of  Dr.  Francia 

(b)  Attitude  toward  foreigners;  diplomatic  isolation 

(c)  Maintenance  of  order;  tyranny;  personal  achievements 

(d)  State  socialism ; church  policies 

(e)  Francia  and  the  Indians 

(2)  Dictatorship  of  Carlos  Antonio  Lopez 

(a)  Changes  in  foreign  policy 

(b)  The  problem  of  river  navigation  and  trade 

(c)  Foreign  interventions;  relations  with  the  United  States,  Brazil 

Great  Britain 

(d)  Nepotism 


(3)  Francisco  Solano  Lopez  as  dictator,  1862-1870 

(a)  The  military  spirit  in  Paraguay 

(b)  Ambitions  and  preparations  of  the  dictator 

(c)  The  dispute  with  Brazil  respecting  the  intervention  in  Uruguay 

(d)  The  war  with  Brazil  and  Uruguay;  invasion  of  Matto  Grosso 

(e)  Violation  of  Argentine  territory  and  neutrality;  war  withArgentina 

(f)  Invasion  b)’  the  allies;  under  Mitre;  under  Caxias;  battles 

around  Humaita  and  Asuncion;  death  of  Lopez,  1870;  end  of 
the  war;  Brazilian  occupation  of  Paraguay 

(4)  Paraguay  since  the  war;  social  and  political  conditions;  immigration; 

Dominguez;  Gondra;  Baez 

Readings; 

Decoud,  J.  S.,  Paraguay 

Dominguez,  Manuel,  El  alma  de  la  raza 

Funes,  Gregorio,  Hisloria  civil  del  Paraguay 

Hardy,  M.  L.,  Paraguay 

Koebel,  W.  H.,  Paraguay 

■,  In  Jesuit  Land 

iVIacdonald,  Alexander  K.,  Picturesque  Paraguay 
Mitre,  B.,  Guerra  del  Paraguay 
Nabuco,  Joaquin,  La  guerra  del  Paraguay 
O’Leary,  J.  E.,  Nuestra  epopeya 

Pereyra,  Carlos,  Francisco  Solano  Lopez  y la  guerra  del  Paraguay 

Posada,  Adolpho,  La  Republica  del  Paraguay 

Robertson,  J.  P.,  and  W.  P.  Robertson,  Letters  on  Paraguay 

Thompson,  George,  The  War  in  Paraguay 

Washburn,  C.  A.,  History  of  Paraguay  (2  vols.) 

Yubero,  G.,  El  Paraguay  moderno 
h.  Colombia 

(1)  Parties  and  politics,  1822-1830;  relations  of  Bolivar  and  Santander 

(2)  Separation  of  Venezuela  and  Ecuador  from  the  Granadine  confedera- 

tion 

(3)  Political  disorders,  Nueva  Granada  (1832);  Santander  as  president; 

secessionist  tendencies 

(4)  Herran-Mosfpiera  regime;  conservative  successes;  relations  of  church 

and  state 

(5)  Constitutional  changes;  the  problem  of  Panama 

(6)  Colombia  under  Mosquera;  civil  war,  1875-1876 

(7)  Administration  of  Nunez,  1879-1883,  1885-1891;  constitution  of 

1886 

(8)  Civil  war,  1899-1902 

(9)  Colombia  and  the  isthmian  canal;  concessions;  the  Hay-Herriin 

treaty,  the  Panama  revolution;  Marroquin 

(10)  The  Colombian  grievance  against  the  United  States;  relations  with 

the  Roosevelt,  Taft,  Wilson,  Harding  administrations 

(11)  The  Reyes  administration 

(12)  Contemporary  government  and  politics 


Readings; 

Arboleda,  Gustavo,  Historia  conlempordnea  de  Colombia 

Eder,  P.  J.,  Colombia 

Levine,  V.  C.,  Colombia 

Nunez,  Rafael,  La  Republique  de  Colombia 

Otero,  J.  M.  Quijano,  Compendia  de  la  historia  patria 

Petre,  F.  L.,  The  Republic  of  Colombia 

Posada,  Eduardo,  El  canal  de  Panama 

Sarmiento,  J.  M.  Perez,  Colombia 

Scruggs,  W.  L.,  The  Colombian  and  Venezuelan  Republics 

i.  Venezuela 

(1)  Separation  from  Colombia 

(2)  The  ascendancy  of  General  Paez,  1830-1846;  administrations  of 

Vargas  and  Soublette 

(3)  The  Monagas  brothers;  abolition  of  slavery 

(4)  Federalism,  1858-1868 

(5)  Dictatorship  of  Guzman  Blanco,  1870-1889 

(6)  Crespo  and  Andrade 

(7)  The  Venezuelan  boundary  dispute 

(a)  The  Guiana  boundary  in  history 

(b)  Appeal  to  the  United  States  on  the  basis  of  the  Monroe  Doctrine, 

relations  of  the  United  States  and  Great  Britain 

(c)  The  arbitration 

(8)  Dictatorship  of  Castro 

(9)  Second  Venezuelan  crisis;  blockade  by  Great  Britain,  Germany  and 

Italy;  arbitration 

(10)  Overthrow  of  Castro;  presidency  of  Gomez 
Readings; 

Aguado,  Pedro  de,  Historia  de  Venezuela 

Alvorado,  Lisandro,  Historia  de  la  revolucion  federal  en  Venezuela 
Baralt,  R.  M.,  and  R.  Diaz,  Resumen  de  la  historia  de  Venezuela  (2  vols.) 
Carbonell,  Diego,  The  Natural  Sciences  in  Venezuela 
Dalton,  L.  V.,  Venezuela 

Fortoul,  Jose  Gil,  Historia  constitutional  de  Venezuela:  Vol.  II 
Guinan,  G.,  Historia  conlempordnea  de  Venezuela 
Rojas,  J.  M.  de,  Bosquejo  historico  de  Venezuela 
Scruggs,  W.  L.,  The  Colombian  and  Venezuelan  Republics 

j.  Ecuador 

(1)  Independence;  the  work  of  General  Flores 

(2)  The  presidency  of  Rocafuerte 

(3)  Second  administration  of  Flores;  civil  war 

(4)  Constitutional  changes;  Urbina  and  Robles 

(5)  Dictatorship  of  Garcia  Moreno 

(a)  Reforms  in  taxation  and  administration;  public  improvements 

(b)  Church  policies  and  legislation 

(c)  Attitude  toward  Europe 

[15] 


(d)  Assassination  of  Garcia  Moreno;  disorders 

(6)  Borrero;  Veintemilla;  Camano;  Flores;  Cordero 

(7)  Contemporary  government  and  politics;  boundary  disputes 

Readings: 

Calindo,  E.  V.,  La  integridad  territorial  de  la  Republica  del  Ecuador 

Cevallos,  R.  F.,  Compendio  de  la  historia  del  Ecuador 

Destruge,  C.,  Ecuador 

Knock,  C.  R.,  Ecuador 

Mejia,  Jose,  Ecuador 

Moncayo,  Pedro,  El  Ecuador  de  1825  a iS^^,  sus  hombres,  sus  inslituciones,  y sus 
leyes 

Wolf,  Teodoro,  Geografia  y geologia  del  Ecuador 
4.  Mexico 

a.  The  empire  of  Iturbide;  transition  to  republic;  part  of  Santa  Anna 

b.  Political  disorders;  Victoria;  Guerrero;  federalism  and  unitarism; 

foreign  interventions 

c.  Relations  with  Texas 

(1)  Migration  of  citizens  of  the  United  States 

(2)  Slavery  in  Texas;  Mexican  legislation  respecting  slavery  and  immi- 

gration 

(3)  The  Texas  revolution ; independence  of  Texas 

d.  The  war  with  the  United  States 

(1)  The  Texas  boundary  dispute 

(2)  Annexation  of  Texas 

(3)  The  war;  military  campaigns;  governmental  changes  in  Mexico 

(4)  The  treaty  of  peace;  Mexican  losses 

e.  The  “War  of  the  Reform” 

(1)  The  career  of  Santa  Anna 

(2)  Political  parties  and  rival  platforms;  anti-clerical  legislation;  con- 

stitution of  1857 

(3)  Resort  to  force;  the  campaign;  church  party  defeated;  Juarez 

f.  Maximilian 

(1)  Appeal  of  clerical  party  to  Napoleon  III;  his  plans 

(2)  The  economic  aspect;  suspension  of  payment  on  foreign  claims  and 

debts;  joint  expedition  of  Great  Britain,  Spain  and  France;  with- 
drawal of  Great  Britain  and  Spain 

(3)  Establishment  of  the  empire;  its  troubles  and  failure;  republican 

resistance;  withdrawal  of  French  support 

(4)  Attitude  of  the  United  States 

g.  Republican  restoration;  factional  disputes  following  death  of  Juarez 

h.  The  Dfaz  regime 

(1)  The  first  term,  1876-1880;  strong  government 

(2)  Administration  of  Gonzalez 

(3)  Resumption  of  office  by  Dfaz  (1884-1910) 

(4)  Character  of  the  Dfaz  rule;  achievements  in  internal  improvements; 

education;  industry;  the  administration;  the  jefes  politicos;  sup- 
pression of  opposition;  reelections  1888, 1892,  1896,  1900,  1904,  1910 


(5)  Work  of  Limantour;  Romero;  Corral 

(6)  Decay  of  the  system;  campaign  of  Madero 

i.  The  revolution-contemporary  period 

(1)  Succession  of  governments;  Madero;  Huerta;  Carranza;  Villa; 

Obregon 

(2)  Social,  political,  economic,  racial  aspects  of  the  revolution 

(3)  The  United  States  a factor  in  the  government  of  Mexico;  problem  of 

recognition;  embargo  on  arms;  intervention 

(4)  The  alien  investor  and  concessionaire;  safety  of  property  and  person 

in  Mexico 

(5)  The  constitution  of  1917;  problem  of  the  land;  petroleum  controversy 

j.  Diplomatic  relations  with  the  United  States;  with  Japan;  with  Germany 

Readings: 

Alaman,  L.,  Historia  de  Mejico 

Alvorado,  Salvador,  La  reconstricccion  de  Mexico 

Bancroft,  H.  H.,  History  of  Mexico  (6  vols.) 

, Biography  of  Porfirio  Diaz 

Bulnes,  Francisco,  El  verdadero  Judrez  y la  verdad  sobre  la  intervencion  y el 
imperio 

, El  verdadero  Diaz  y la  Revolucion 

Burke,  U.  R.,  A Life  of  Benito  Judrez 

Chamberlain,  J.  P.,  Property  Rights  under  the  New  Mexican  Constitution  (Pol. 
Sci.  Quar.,  1917) 

Estrada,  R.,  La  revolucion  y Francisco  I.  Madero 
Fornaro,  Carlos  de,  Mexico  and  Carranza 
Fortier,  A.,  and  J.  R.  Ficklen,  Central  America  and  Mexico 
Garcia,  Genaro,  Judrez  (Refutation  of  Bulnes) 

, (ed.),  Documentos  historicos  Mexicanos  (7  vols.) 

Gibbon,  T.  E.,  Mexico  under  Carranza 

Gonzalez,  A.  P.,  La  Revolucion  y sus  heroes 

Hannay,  David,  Diaz 

Kendall,  J.  J.,  Mexico  under  Maximilian 

Lara,  L.  Gutierrez  de,  and  E.  Pinchon,  The  Mexicali  People 

Martin,  P.  F.,  Maximilian  in  Mexico 

Noll,  A.  H.,  From  Empire  to  Republic 

, History  of  Mexico 

Obregon,  T.  Esquivel,  Democracia  y personalismo 

Priestley,  H.  I.,  Modern  Mexican  History  (Syllabus  No.  VI  in  this  series) 
Ramirez,  J.  F.,  Mexico  durante  su  guerra  con  los  Estados  Unidos 
Riva  Palacio,  Vicente  (ed.),  Mexico  d traves  de  los  siglos  (4  vols.) 

Rives,  George  L.,  The  United  States  and  Mexico,  1821-1848  (2  vols.) 

Romero,  Matias,  The  United  States  and  Mexico 

Rowe,  L.  S.,  The  Mexican  Revolution,  its  Causes  and  Consequences  (Pol.  Sci. 
Quar.,  1912) 

Smith,  Justin  H.,  The  Annexation  of  Texas 
, Our  War  with  Mexico  (2  vols.) 

Stevenson,  S.  Y.,  Maximilian  in  Mexico — A Woman’s  Reminiscences 


Trowbridge,  E.  D.,  Mexico  Today  and  Tomorrow 
Valdes,  M.,  Memorias  de  la  guerra  de  la  reforma 

5.  The  Central  American  states 

a.  Costa  Rica,  Guatemala,  Honduras,  Salvador  and  Nicaragua 

(1)  Race  distribution;  resources;  social  conditions 

(2)  Projects  of  union:  1823-1839;  1842;  1848;  1852;  1862;  1872;  1876; 

1887;  1889;  1895;  1897 

(3)  The  confederation;  Arce;  Morazan;  the  unionists  and  separatists 

(4)  The  ascendancy  of  the  conservatives,  1839-1871;  Rafael  Carrera 

(5)  William  Walker  and  Central  America 

(6)  Central  America  and  the  Mosquito  coast;  Great  Britain  and  the 

United  States;  the  Clayton-Bulwer  Treaty;  subsequent  negotiation 

(7)  Political  and  governmental  problems 

(a)  Revolution  as  a mode  of  expressing  political  dissent 

(b)  The  harboring  of  political  refugees;  revolutions  prepared  on  foreign 
soil 

(c)  Dictators  in  Central  American  history 

(8)  Political  history 

(9)  The  peace  conference  of  1907;  influence  of  the  United  States  and 

Mexico 

(10)  Establishment  of  the  Central  American  court  of  justice  and  arbitration 

(a)  Organization  and  composition;  important  cases 

(b)  The  case  against  Nicaragua,  1917;  disruption 

(11)  The  United  States  and  Nicaragua;  intervention;  treaty  of  1916; 

the  Melendez  doctrine 

Readings: 

Barrantes,  F.  Montero,  Elementos  de  historia  de  Costa  Rica 
Blakeslee,  G.  H.,  (ed.),  Mexico  and  the  Carribean  (W.  E.  Browning,  The  Central 
American  Republics  and  their  Problems) 

Fortier,  A.,  and  J.  R.  Ficklen,  Central  America  and  Mexico 
Gavidia,  F.,  Historia  moderna  del  Salvador 
Guardia,  G.  F.,  Costa  Rica 

Guzman,  F.  A.  de  Fuentes  y,  Historia  de  Guatemala 

Koebel,  W.  H.,  Central  America 

Martin,  P.  F.,  Salvador  of  the  Twentieth  Century 

Munro,  D.  G.,  The  Five  Republics  of  Central  America 

Montiifar,  Lorenzo,  Walker  en  Centro  America 

Palmer,  Frederick,  Central  America  and  its  Problems 

Peralta,  D.  M.  M.  de,  Costa  Rica  y costa  de  mosquitos 

Ramirez,  M.  Castro,  Cinco  ahos  de  justicia  centro-americana 

Scroggs,  W.  O.,  Filibusters  and  Financiers 

Villafranca,  Richard,  Costa  Rica 

Winter,  N.  O.,  Guatemala 

6.  The  insular  republics 
a.  Cuba 

(i)  Cuba  in  the  early  part  of  the  nineteenth  century;  Spanish  adminis- 
tration 


(2)  Plans  made  in  South  America  for  the  revolutionizing  of  Cuba;  the 

Panama  congress 

(3)  Cuba  in  diplomacy:  attitude  of  the  United  States;  opinion  in  Cuba 

for  annexation;  efforts  of  Great  Britain  and  France  to  secure  Cuba 

(4)  Slavery  in  Cuba 

(5)  Filibusters;  Narciso  Lopez 

(6)  The  “Black  Warrior”  incident;  the  Ostend  manifesto,  1854 

(7)  The  ten  years’  war,  1868-1878 

(a)  Causes  of  the  revolt ; resistance  of  Spain ; Prim;  Canovas 

(b)  Relations  of  Spain  and  the  United  States;  the  “Virginius”  affair; 

the  United  States  and  the  Cuban  insurgents 

(c)  The  problem  of  reform;  Cuban  demands 

(d)  Quesada;  Maceo;  Garcia;  Marti 

(8)  The  Cuban  revolution  of  1895 

(a)  Administration  of  Martinez  Campos 

(b)  General  Weyler  and  the  reconcentrado  policy 

(9)  The  Spanish-American  War 

(a)  Interests  of  the  United  States  in  Cuba;  protests  against  Spanish 

practices 

(b)  Destruction  of  the  “Maine” 

(c)  The  war;  relations  with  the  Cubans 

(d)  Status  of  Cuba  in  the  Treaty  of  Paris 

(10)  Military  occupation  by  the  United  States 

(a)  Services  of  General  Wood 

(b)  Progress  of  the  island:  order;  sanitation  and  public  health;  social 

conditions;  public  improvement;  education;  finances  and 
industries 

(c)  The  constitutional  convention;  political  parties 

(d)  The  Platt  Amendment 

(e)  Investments  of  citizens  of  the  United  States 

(11)  Republican  government  in  Cuba 

^ (a)  Administration  of  Estrada  Palma 

(b)  The  second  intervention  of  the  United  States;  policies  of  Governor 

Magoon 

(c)  Jose  Miguel  Gomez;  Menocal 

(d)  Diplomatic  and  economic  relations  with  the  United  States 

(e)  The  problem  of  self-government  in  Cuba 

Readings: 

Annual  Report  of  the  United  States  Secretary  of  War,  1902-1906 

Cabrera,  R.,  Cuba  and  the  Cubans 

Caldwell,  R.  G.,  Lopez  Expeditions  to  Cuba,  1848-1851 

Callahan,  J.  M.,  Cuba  and  International  Relations 

Canini,  I.  E.,  Four  Centuries  of  Spanish  Ride  in  Cuba 

Forbes  Lindsay,  C.  H.,  Cuba  and  her  People  of  Today 

Hill,  R.  T.,  Cuba  and  Porto  Rico 

Johnson,  W.  F.,  The  History  of  Cuba  (5  vols.) 

Jones,  C.  L.,  Caribbean  Interests  of  the  United  States 


Ortiz,  Fernando,  Los  negros  esclavos 

Quesada,  Gonzalo  de,  The  War  in  Cuba 

Report  of  the  Military  Governor  of  Cuba  (8  vols.) 

Robinson,  A.  G.,  Cuba  and  the  Intervention 

Saco,  Jose  Antonio,  Historia  de  esclavitud  desde  los  tiempos  remotos  hasta  nuestros 
dias 

Sagra,  Ramon  de  la,  Historia  de  la  tsla  de  Cuba  (13  vols.) 

Verrill,  A.  H.,  Cuba  Past  and  Present 
Watterson,  Henry,  History  of  the  Spanish-American  War 
Wood,  Leonard,  The  Military  Government  of  Cuba  (Am.  Acad,  of  Pol.  and  Soc. 
Sci.,  1903) 

Wright,  I.  A.,  Cuba. 

Zaragoza,  Z.,  Las  insurrecciones  en  Cuba 

b.  Haiti  and  Santo  Domingo 

(1)  Monarchy  and  republicanism  in  Haiti  and  Santo  Domingo 

(2)  Social  and  racial  problems 

(3)  Political  disorders;  character  of  the  political  revolutions 

(4)  International  relations 

(a)  Financial  conditions,  foreign  claims 

(b)  Interventions 

(c)  Relations  of  Santo  Domingo  and  the  United  States;  the  Monroe 

Doctrine  as  applied  to  the  Caribbean 

(d)  Haiti  and  the  United  States 

(5)  Attitude  toward  the  United  States 

(6)  Contemporary  government  and  politics 

Readings; 

Eves,  C.  A.,  West  Indies 
Fiske,  A.  K.,  West  Indies 

Garcia,  Jose  Gabriel,  Compendia  de  la  Historia  de  Santo  Domingo 
Hazard,  Samuel,  Santo  Domingo,  Past  and  Present 

Hollander,  J.  H.,  Report  on  the  Debt  of  Santo  Domingo  (Sen.  Ex.  Document, 
1st  session,  59th  Congress) 

Leger,  J.  N.,  Haiti,  Her  History  and  Her  Detractors 
St.  John,  Spencer,  Haiti,  the  Black  Republic 
Schoenrich,  Otto,  Santo  Domingo 

7.  Panama 

a.  Secessionist  tendencies  in  Panama 

b.  The  revolution ; recognition  by  the  United  States 

c.  The  republic;  the  canal  treaty 

d.  Relations  with  Colombia  and  the  United  States 

e.  Boundary  disputes  with  Costa  Rica;  arbitration 

Readings: 

Abbott,  W.  J.,  Panama  and  the  Canal 
' Bishop,  F.,  Panama,  Past  and  Present 

Bunau-Varilla,  Philippe  de,  Panama;  The  Creation,  Destruction  and  Resurrection 


Bunau-Varilla,  Philippe  de,  The  Great  Adventure  of  Panama 
Cause,  F.  A.,  and  C.  C.  Carr,  The  Story  of  Panama 
Villegas,  A.  R.  de.  The  Republic  of  Panama 
General  readings  for  political  history 
Akers,  C.  E.,  History  of  South  America 
Amunategui,  M.  L.,  Ensayos  biographicos  (4  vols.) 

Calderon,  Garcia,  Latin  America:  86-231 
Cambridge  Modern  History  (Vol.  XII,  672-689) 

Carbonell,  Miguel  A.,  H ombres  de  nuestra  America 

Colmo,  A.,  Los  paises  de  la  America  latina 

Dawson,  T.  C.,  The  South  American  Republics  (2  vols.) 

Dodd,  W.  F.,  Modern  Constitutions  (2  vols.) 

Domville-Fife,  Great  States  of  South  America 

Knock,  C.  R.,  The  Republics  of  Central  and  South  America 

Koebel,  W.  H.,  South  America 

Opisso,  Alfredo,  Historia  de  Espaha  y de  las  Republicas  Latino- Americanos 
(25  vols.) 

Porter,  R.  P.,  The  Ten  Republics 
Rodriguez,  J.  I.,  American  Constitutions 

Shepherd,  W.  R.,  Hispanic  Nations  of  the  New  World;  A Chronicle  of  Our 
Southern  Neighbors 

Sweet,  W.  W.,  History  of  Latin  America 


CHAPTER  IV 

RELATIONS  WITH  ONE  ANOTHER  AND  WITH  EUROPE 

1 . Boundary  disputes  and  commissions ; the  principle  of  uti  possidetis  de  1810 

2.  Filibustering  expeditions  and  reprisals 

3.  The  status  of  Uruguay 

4.  The  war  against  Paraguay 

5.  The  Chile-Perii-Bolivia  war;  the  Tacna-Arica  question 

6.  International  standing  of  Latin  America 

7.  The  problem  of  unity 

a.  Proposals  for  a league  of  states  of  Spanish  origin 

b.  Proposals  for  inclusion  of  Brazil  in  this  league 

c.  Congresses  of  Hispanic- American  countries:  Panama  (1826),  Lima 

(1848,  1864,  1897),  Santiago  de  Chile  (1856) 

d.  Programmes  of  arbitration,  proposals  for  codification  of  international 

law  for  the  Americas 

e.  Congresses  for  health  and  sanitation  conventions:  Rio  de  Janeiro  (1887, 

1906),  Lima  (1888),  Washington  (1902,  1905),  Mexico  City  (1907), 
San  Jose  de  Costa  Rica  (1909) 

f.  Scientific  congresses:  Buenos  Aires  (1898),  Montevideo  (1901),  Rio  de 

Janeiro  (1905),  Santiago  de  Chile  (1908),  Washington  (1916) 

g.  Control  of  river  commerce,  the  international  rivers 

8.  Central  American  affairs;  arbitration  agreement 


9-  The  so-called  A.  B.  C.  Alliance 

10.  Relations  with  Europe 

Diplomatic:  economic;  cultural 

11.  European  interventions  in  Hispanic-American  affairs 

Examples  of  European  intervention:  France  and  Great  Britain  at  Buenos 
Aires  and  Montevideo;  Spain  and  France  in  Mexico;  France,  Great 
Britain  and  Spain  in  Mexico;  Spain  in  the  Dominican  Republic  and  Peru ; 
Great  Britain  at  Corinto;  Germany,  Great  Britain  and  Italy  in  Venezuela 

Readings: 

Alvarez,  A.,  Le  dr  oil  international  americain 
Calderon,  Garcia,  Latin  America:  335-350 
Cambridge  Modern  History:  Vol.  XII,  689-702 
Koebel,  W.  H.,  The  South  Americans:  41-63 

Lima,  M.  de  Oliviera,  La  sociedad  de  las  naciones  americatias  cn  el  derecho  de 
gentes  {Revista  de  Derecho,  Historia  y Letras) 

Lobo,  Helio,  0 Tribunal  Arbitral  Brasileiro-Boliviano 
Moore,  J.  B.,  Brazil  and  Peru  Boundary  Question 
Quesada,  Ernesto,  La  evolucion  del  panamericanismo 
Shepherd,  W.  R.,  Hispanic  Nations  of  the  World;  96-106 
Torres  Caicedo,  Jose  Maria,  Union  latino-americana 
Urrutia,  F.  J.,  La  evolucion  del  principio  de  arbitraje  en  America 


CHAPTER  V 

LATER  DIPLOMATIC  AND  POLITICAL  RELATIONS  WITH 
THE  UNITED  STATES 

I.  Development  and  extension  of  the  Monroe  Doctrine 

a.  The  Jackson-Van  Buren  attitude 

b.  Polk's  revival,  interpretation,  and  restriction 

c.  Monroe  Doctrine  in  the  fifties 

(1)  Connection  with  slavery  issue 

(2)  The  Clayton-Bulwer  Treaty  and  the  Monroe  Doctrine 

d.  The  Maximilian  episode;  attitude  of  Secretary  Seward 

e.  The  United  States  and  the  Chilean  war  with  Spain 

f.  Grant  and  the  Nationalization  of  the  Doctrine 

g.  The  Santos  claim  in  Ecuador;  Alsop  claim  in  Chile 

h.  Expressions  of  opinion,  and  policy  by  Hayes,  Garfield,  and  Blaine 

i.  Cleveland-Olney  extension;  the  Venezuela  crisis 

j.  Monroe  Doctrine  and  imperialism 

k.  Roosevelt-Taft  period;  “paramount  interests”;  the  protectorates 

(1)  The  second  Venezuela  crisis 

(2)  The  Monroe  Doctrine  and  the  Caribbean;  Central  America;  the 

Hague  conference  of  1907 

(3)  Influence  of  the  expansion  in  the  Philippines  on  the  doctrine 

(4)  The  Magdalena  Bay  incident  of  1912;  Lodge  Resolutions 

[22] 


I.  Wilson  doctrine;  Mobile  Speech,  1913;  Mexico;  the  Caribbean 

m.  Monroe  Doctrine  and  claims  against  Hispanic-American  countries 

(1)  Contractual:  Alsop,  Cerutti,  Landreau 

(2)  Tortuous:  case  of  Moreno;  Benton  case;  Renton  case 

n.  The  Monroe  Doctrine  and  the  recent  war 

Readings: 

Appropriate  sections  of  Edgington,  Bingham,  Hart,  Bigelow 

American  Foreign  Relations 

Barrett  John,  Latin  America  of  Today 

Bonilla,  Policarpo,  Wilson  Doctrine 

Hall,  A.  B.,  The  Monroe  Doctrine  and  the  Great  War 

Lobo,  Helio,  De  Monroe  a Rio  Branco 

Moore,  J.  B.,  A Digest  of  International  Law:  Vol.  VI,  368-604;  714-715 

, Principles  of  American  Diplomacy:  246-269 

Reddaway,  W.  F.,  Monroe  Doctrine 
Saenz  Pena,  Derecho  publico  americano 
Vicuna  Mackenna,  B.,  Historia  de  la  Administracion  Montt 
Wilson,  G.  G.,  The  Monroe  Doctrine  after  the  War  (League  of  Nations,  Vol.  I, 
No.  5) 

2.  Hispanic-American  attitude  toward  the  United  States 

a.  In  politics  and  diplomacy 

b.  In  commerce 

Readings: 

Bulnes,  F.,  L’ Avenir  des  nations  hispano-americaines 
Gondra,  Cesar,  Los  Estados  Unidos  y las  naciones  americanas 
Merlos,  S.  R.,  America  latina  ante  el  peligro 
Sotolongo,  F.  C.,  El  imperialismo  norte-americano 
Ugarte,  Manuel,  El  porvenir  de  la  America  Espafiola 
Weyl,  W.  E.,  American  World  Policies:  Chap.  XV 

3.  Efforts  at  cooperation  and  friendship 

a.  Evolution  of  Pan  Americanism 

b.  The  Pan  American  Union 

(1)  Organization  and  purposes 

(2)  Control  and  accomplishments 

c.  Pan  American  congresses:  Washington  (1889);  Mexico  City  (1902); 

Rio  de  Janeiro  (1906);  Buenos  Aires  (1910) 

d.  Interamerican  financial  congresses:  Washington  (1915);  Buenos  Aires 

(1916) 

e.  The  peace  and  arbitration  treaties 

f.  Intellectual  relations;  scientific  congresses,  increase  of  trade  and  travel; 

exchange  of  teachers  and  college  professors 

g.  Proposals  of  an  interamerican  league  of  nations 

4.  The  Drago  doctrine  and  the  Porter  doctrine 

5.  Hispanic  America  at  the  Second  Hague  Conference 

[23] 


Readings: 

Drago,  L.  M.,  La  Republica  Argentina  y el  caso  de  Venezuela 
Hull,  W.  L.,  The  United  States  and  Latin  America  at  the  Hague 
Kennedy,  Crammond,  The  Drago  Doctrine  {North  American  Review,  1907) 
Laspiur,  E.  Sarmiento,  La  doctrina  Drago  y la  locucion  de  piano  empleado  por 
Calvo 

Moulin,  H.  A.,  La  doctrine  de  Drago 

Quesada,  Ernesto,  La  doctrina  Drago  {Revista  de  Universidad  de  Buenos  Aires, 
1919) 

Vivot,  A.  N.,  La  doctrina  Drago 

6.  The  Platt  Amendment;  relations  with  Cuba;  interventions 

7.  Caribbean  interests  of  the  United  States 

a.  Political  and  economic  conditions  in  the  Caribbean  area;  effects  and  in- 

fluences of  the  Spanish-American  War 

b.  Strategic  importance;  United  States  as  a Caribbean  power 

(1)  Porto  Rico  as  a dependency 

(2)  Territorial  government;  the  insular  cases;  the  question  of  citizenship 

(3)  The  Virgin  Islands 

c.  Dominant  position  of  the  United  States 

(1)  In  commerce 

(2)  Financial  agreements  with  Santo  Domingo,  Haiti  and  Nicaragua 

(3)  The  Panama  canal  as  a factor  in  the  problem;  status  of  the  Republic 

of  Panama  with  respect  to  the  United  States 

(4)  Naval  bases  of  the  United  States;  lease  of  the  Corn  Islands;  the 

Bryan-Chamorro  treaty 

(5)  Interventions  of  the  United  States;  the  quasi-protectorates 

d.  Relations  between  the  United  States  and  Venezuela,  Colombia,  Central 

America 

e.  Attitude  of  Caribbean  peoples  toward  the  United  States;  problem  of  self- 

determination 

f.  Contemporary  tendencies 
Readings: 

Arili,  B.  Gonzalez,  La  Republica  Dominicana  y los  Estados  Unidos 
Blakeslee,  G.  H.,  (ed.),  Mexico  and  the  Caribbean 
Booy,  Theodoor  de,  and  Paris,  The  Virgin  Islands 
Bonsai,  S.,  The  American  Mediterranean 

Gonzalez,  Salvador  Rodriguez,  El  Golfo  de  Fonseca  en  el  derecho  publico  centro- 
americano 

, La  doctrina  Melendez 

Henriquez  Urena,  M.,  Los  Estados  Unidos  y la  Republica  Dominicana 
Jones,  C.  L.,  The  Caribbean  Interests  of  the  United  States 

8.  The  isthmian  canal 

a.  Treaties  and  plans  for  construction;  possible  routes 

b.  The  French  enterprise;  failure  and  scandals 

c.  The  United  States  and  the  canal 

(i)  The  Clayton-Bulwer  Treaty;  treaties  with  Nicaragua 


(2)  Attitude  toward  the  French  project 

(3)  Influences  of  the  Spanish-American  war  upon  the  United  States 

(4)  The  Hay-Pauncefote  treaty 

d.  Negotiations  with  Colombia  for  canal  concession 

(1)  Selection  of  Panama  route;  proposed  purchase  of  French  company’s 

rights  and  equipment 

(2)  The  Hay-Herran  treaty 

(3)  Rejection  of  treaty  by  Colombian  senate 

e.  Secession  of  Panama 

(1)  The  revolution  in  Panama 

(2)  Alleged  activities  of  the  French  company 

(3)  Protection  of  the  Panama  railroad  by  the  United  States  under  treaty 

of  1846;  success  of  the  revolution 

(4)  Recognition  of  Panama  by  the  United  States 

(5)  The  Hay-Bunau-Varilla  treaty 

f.  Construction  of  the  canal,  1904— 1915 

g.  Possible  economic  and  political  effects 

h.  The  Colombian  grievance  against  the  United  States;  diplomatic  develop- 

ments; proposed  settlement;  treaty  ratified  by  United  States  Senate, 
1921 

9.  Wilson  administration 

a.  Hispanic-American  policy 

b.  Relations  with  Mexico 

c.  Achievements  and  criticism 

Readings: 

Annals  of  American  Academy  of  Political  and  Social  Science,  July,  1914 

Barrett,  John,  The  Panama  Canal;  What  It  Is,  What  It  Means 

Bishop,  Farnham,  Panama,  Past  and  Present 

Bryce,  James,  South  America:  484-520 

Calderon,  Garcia,  Latin  America:  298-312 

Chandler,  C.  L.,  Inter~American  Acquaintances 

Flack,  H.  E.,  Spanish  American  Diplomatic  Relations  preceding  the  War  of  i8q8 
Cause,  F.  A.,  and  C.  C.  Carr,  The  Story  of  Panama 
Latane,  J.  H.,  America  as  a World  Power:  255-285 

, The  United  States  and  Latin  America;  261-334 

Lockey,  J.  B.,  Pan  Americanism,  its  Beginnings 
Maurtua,  La  idea  panamericana  y la  cuestion  del  arbitraje 
Moore,  J.  B.,  Principles  of  American  Diplomacy:  365-419 
United  States  Senate  Document  No.  744,  6ist  Congress,  3d  session 
Usher,  R.  G.,  Pan- Americanism 

Williams,  M.  W.,  Anglo-American  Isthmian  Diplomacy 

The  New  Pan  Americanism,  Parts  I,  II,  and  III  (World  Peace  Foundation) 


CHAPTER  VI 


TRADE  RELATIONS  OF  HISPANIC  AMERICA  AND  THE 
UNITED  STATES 

1.  Origins  of  trade 

2.  Development  of  trade  during  the  nineteenth  century 

a.  Comparative  predominance  of  the  United  States  to  about  1850 

b.  Disruption  of  trade  during  War  of  Secession 

c.  Increased  European  competition  after  Franco- Prussion  war 

3.  History  of  trade  in  the  twentieth  century 

4.  Volume  of  contemporary  trade,  export  and  import,  with  United  States;  with 

Europe 

5.  Character  of  the  trade 

a.  Standard  articles  imported  and  exported 

b.  Non-competitive  goods  and  raw  products 

c.  Competitive  goods 

6.  Purchasing  power  of  Hispanic- American  countries 

7.  Misconceptions,  current  in  United  States,  as  to  Hispanic-American  habits  of 

business 

8.  Obstacles  in  the  way  of  trade 

a.  Lack  of  merchant  marine 

b.  Established  habits  and  traditions  of  trade 

c.  Ignorance  of  market  and  the  accepted  methods  of  trade 

(1)  Market  demands 

(2)  Transportation  problems 

(3)  Tariff  administrations 

d.  Long  term  credits 

e.  Lack  of  organization  to  secure  the  trade 

9.  Methods  for  improvement 

10.  The  Webb-Pomerene  Act 

11.  Effects  of  the  European  war  of  1914;  construction  of  the  Panama  Canal 

12.  Increase  of  American  business  interests  in  Hispanic  America 

Readings: 

Atlas  America-laiina 

Aughinbaugh,  W.  E.,  Selling  Latin  America 

Austin,  O.  P.,  Trading  with  our  Neighbors  in  the  Caribbeati 

Babson,  R.  W.,  The  Future  of  South  America 

Bonsai,  Stephen,  The  American  Mediterranean 

Bott,  Ernesto  J.  J.,  El  Comercio  entre  los  Estados  Unidos  y la  America  latina 
durante  la  gran  guerra 

Chandler,  C.  L.,  Inter -American  Acquaintances 
Cooper,  C.  S.,  Understanding  South  America 

Commerce  Reports  (Daily  Consular  and  trade  reports,  Bureau  of  For.  and  Dom. 

Trade,  Dept,  of  Commerce) 

Filsinger,  N.,  Exporting  to  Latin  America 
Hough,  B.  O.,  Practical  Exporting 


(26] 


O’Malley,  Frank,  Our  South  American  Trade  and  Its  Financing  (Foreign  Com. 
Ser.  No.  3) 

Pepper,  C.  M.,  American  Foreign  Trade 

Reports  of  the  Bureau  of  Foreign  and  Domestic  Commerce,  Dept,  of  Com- 
merce (Latin  American  Division) 

Savay,  N.,  The  Science  of  Foreign  Trade 
Shepherd,  W.  S.,  Latin  America:  168-179 

, Our  South  American  Tra^de  {Political  Science  Quarterly,  Dec.  1909) 

South  American  Supplement,  London  Times 
United  States  Consular  Reports 

United  States  Department  of  Commerce  and  Labor  Reports 
United  States  House  Document  No.  154,  59th  Congress,  2d  session 
United  States  House  Document  No.  737,  6oth  Congress,  2d  session  (Fisher, 
Ethnography  and  Commercial  Importance  of  Latin  America  and  the  West 
Indies) 

Verrill,  A.  H.,  South  and  Central  American  Trade  Conditions  of  Today:  168-197 
Wilson,  Otto,  South  America  as  an  Export  Field  (Sp.  Agt.  Ser.  No.  81,  1914, 
Dept,  of  Commerce) 


CHAPTER  VII 

HISPANIC  AMERICA  AND  THE  WORLD  WAR 

1.  Economic  and  political  influences  of  the  war 

2.  Hispanic-American  products  necessary  in  the  prosecution  of  the  war 

3.  Efforts  to  secure  sympathy  for  one  or  the  other  group  of  belligerents;  policies 

of  neutrality;  cultural  factors  in  the  situation;  Germany  as  a menace 

4.  Improvement  in  the  financial  situation;  development  of  Pan  Americanism; 

the  financial  congresses 

5.  Growth  of  anti-German  sentiment  in  certain  countries;  Ruy  Barbosa’s 

indictment  of  Germany;  the  Luxburg  and  Zimmermann  dispatches 

6.  Effect  of  the  entrance  of  the  United  States  into  the  war 

7.  Hispanic  America  in  the  war 

a.  Nations  which  declared  war:  Brazil,  Costa  Rica,  Cuba,  Guatemala,  Haiti, 

Honduras,  Nicaragua,  Panama 

b.  Nations  which  severed  relations  with  Germany:  Bolivia,  Ecuador,  Peru, 

Santo  Domingo,  Uruguay 

c.  The  neutral  countries:  Argentina,  Chile,  Colombia,  Mexico,  Paraguay, 

Salvador,  Venezuela 

d.  Services  of  Brazil  and  Cuba 

8.  Hispanic  America  and  the  Peace  Conference;  the  prominent  part  played  by 

Brazil 

9.  The  Tacna-Arica  question  in  a new  phase 

10.  Attitude  toward  the  League  of  Nations;  Brazil  as  a member  of  the  Supreme 

Council;  the  states  which  joined  the  League 

11.  The  Monroe  Doctrine  during  the  war;  projects  for  an  inter-american  league 

of  states 

12.  Economic  results  of  the  war  upon  Hispanic  America 

[27] 


Readings: 

Acosta,  A.,  El  doctor  Hipdlitdjlrigoyen 
Alzamora,  I.,  La  cuestion  peruano-chilena 

Barbosa,  Ruy,  Brazil  in  the  Hour  of  Victory  {Inter-America.  1919) 

Bogono,  L.  Barros,  Tacna  and  Arica;  the  Solution  of  the  Question  through  Its 
Transfer  to  Bolivia 
Colmo,  A.,  Mi  neutralismo 

Ferrara,  O.,  La  doctrina  de  Monroe  y la  liga  de  las  naciones 
Gaillard,  Gaston,  Amerique  latine  et  Europe  occidentale 

Goldsmith,  P.  H.  (Trans.),  South  American  Opinions  on  the  War  (I.  Chile  and 
the  War,  by  Carlos  Silva  Voldosola.  II.  The  Attitude  of  Ecuador,  by  Nicolas 
F.  Lopez.  Carnegie  Endowment  for  International  Peace,  Div.  for  Inter- 
course and  Education,  Pub.  No.  14) 

Gutierrez,  Gustavo,  La  neutralidad  y beligerancia  de  Cuba  durante  la  guerra 
actual 

Kirkpatrick,  F.  A.,  South  America  and  the  War 

Lavalle,  J.  B.  de,  Pdginas  de  historia  diplomdtica  contempordnea 

Martin,  P.  A.,  Latin  America  and  the  War  (League  of  Nations,  II,  No.  4) 

Nieto,  G.  Gallardo,  Neutralidad  de  Chile  ante  la  guerra  europea 
Quesada,  Ernesto,  El  “peligro  Aleman”  en  Sud  America 
Rocuant,  E.,  La  neutralidad  de  Chile 

Rowe,  L.  S.,  Early  Effects  of  the  War  upon  Finance,  Commerce  and  Industry  of 
Peru 

The  (London)  Times  History  of  the  War,  (Vol.  XV). 

Wagner,  E.  R.,  L'Allemagne  et  V Amerique  Latine 
Yearbooks  and  periodicals 


CHAPTER  VIII 

CONTEMPORARY  HISTORY,  PROBLEMS,  AND  ACHIEVEMENTS  OF 
HISPANIC  AMERICA 


I . Political 

a.  Political  and  governmental  stability 

b.  Politics  in  practice  and  principle 

c.  Modern  conventions,  platforms,  and  elections 

d.  Restrictions  of  the  ballot 

e.  Professional  men  in  politics 

f.  Absence  of  political  experience  by  the  masses 

g.  Necessity  of  developing  public  interest  in  politics  and  political  philosophy 

h.  Appearance  of  new  political  issues 

i.  Electoral  reform;  Argentina 

j.  Civil  service  in  Hispanic  America 

k.  State  or  church  control  over  education 

l.  Municipal  government 
(i)  History  of  progress 


(2)  Public  Utilities;  fire  departments;  police  system ; waterworks;  public 
sanitation;  municipal  ownership 
m.  Social  legislation 

n.  Passing  of  the  South  American  type  of  revolution 
Readings: 

Alvarez,  Agustin,  Historia  de  las  Instituciones  Litres 
Calderon,  Garcia,  Latin  America:  222-248,  365-677 
Espinosa,  Roberto,  La  evolucion  democrdtica 

Gonzales,  Enrique  Vera  y,  Elementos  de  historia  contempordnea  de  America 

Heredia, , Memorias  sobre  las  revoluciones  de  Venezuela 

Lima,  M.  de  Oliviera,  La  evolucion  de  la  America  latina 
Ross,  E.  A.,  South  of  Panama 

Scruggs,  W.  L.,  The  Colombian  and  Venezuelan  Republics 
Shepherd,  W.  R.,  Latin  America:  141-150 

2.  Social  and  religious 
a.  Social 

(1)  Population 

(a)  Census  statistics  available 

(b)  Population  and  resources 

(2)  Social  types;  Spanish;  immigrant;  Indian,  savage  and  civilized; 

mixed  races;  negro 

(3)  Laboring  classes  and  types:  “vaquero”;  “roto”;  “pelao”;  "Cholo” 

“gaucho”;  “llanero”;  industrial  laborers 

(4)  Labor  system  and  laws 

(a)  Peonage 

[1]  Feudal  status  of  labor  in  colonies 

[2]  Origin  of  peonage;  inheritance  of  debt 

[3]  The  “inquilino”  and  “colono” 

[4]  Ignorance,  wages,  and  living  conditions 

[5]  Peon  in  government  and  politics 

[6]  Peonage  in  Mexico;  in  South  America 

(b)  Labor  regulations  in  general 

(c)  Labor  organizations 

(d)  Dearth  of  labor  in  certain  countries 

(e)  Strikes;  radicalism;  labor  conditions  in  Argentina,  Brazil  and 

Mexico;  organized  labor;  socialist  and  Bolshevist  propaganda 

(5)  Aristocratic  and  professional  society 

(6)  Language 

(7)  Position  of  woman 

(a)  In  society 

(b)  Family  life 

(c)  The  matter  of  divorce 

(8)  Amusements  and  social  customs 

(a)  Sports  and  games 

(b)  Carnivals  and  festivals 

(c)  Dress  and  etiquette 

. [29I 


(d)  Gambling  and  lotteries 

(e)  Social  customs  in  business 

(9)  Influence  of  the  Basques  in  Hispanic  America 
(10)  The  “Gallegos,”  Catalonians,  Andalusians  and  other  Spanish  types  in 
modern  Hispanic  America 

Readings: 

Bingham,  Hiram,  Across  South  America 

Bland,  J.  O.  P.,  Men,  Manners  and  Morals  in  South  America 

Bryce,  James,  South  America:  432,  528-530 

Bunge,  O.  C.,  Nuestra  America 

Calderon,  Garcia,  Latin  America:  283-290 

Colmo,  A.,  America  latina 

Dickman,  E.,  Democracia  y socialismo 

Ruzo,  A.,  PoUtica  social 

Shepherd,  W.  R.,  Latin  America:  121-141 

— — , Psychology  of  the  Latin  American  {Journal  of  Race  Development,  1919) 

Solas,  J.  C.,  Civilizacion  y barbarie 

Vera  Estanol,  Jorge,  Carranza  and  his  bolshevik  regime 

Zavalea,  C.,  Defensa  social  de  nacion 

b.  Religious 

(1)  Prevalence  of  Roman  Catholic  church 

(2)  Church  and  state;  tendency  toward  separation 

(3)  Clericalism  in  politics 

(4)  The  work  of  the  church 

(5)  Toleration  in  Hispanic  America 

(6)  Protestant  missionary  activities 

(7)  Foreign  opinion  of  Hispanic- American  morality 

(8)  Work  of  the  Catholic  church  in  education  and  charity 

Readings: 

Ayarragaray,  Lucas,  La  iglesia  en  America 
Brown,  H.  W.,  Latin  America 

Klein,  Julius,  The  Church  in  Spanish  American  History  {Catholic  Historical 
Review,  1917) 

Koebel,  W.  H.,  The  South  Americans:  41-44,  91-108,  152-169 
Lee,  John,  Religious  Liberty  in  South  America 
Neely,  T.  B,,  South  America,  Its  Missionary  Problems 
Speer,  R.  E.,  South  A merican  Problems 

3.  Immigration 

a.  History  of  immigration  in  the  nineteenth  century 

(1)  Causes  of  scarcity  before  1857;  colonial  exclusion;  revolutions; 

greater  inducements  of  the  United  States;  economic  reasons 

(2)  Increase  since  1857;  ideas  of  Alberdi  and  Sarmiento  on  immigration 

(3)  Drift  toward  the  southern  republics 

(4)  Immigration  in  the  North  American  republics 

b.  Political  and  economic  effects  of  immigration 

c.  Effects  on  society 


d.  Spanish,  Italian,  German,  Russian  and  Polish,  English,  French,  Portu- 

guese, Oriental,  Turkish  and  Syrian  immigration 

e.  Favorite  occupations  of  aliens 

f.  The  question  of  assimilation  and  citizenship 

Readings: 

Atlas  America-latina 

Berne,  P.,  L’ immigration  europeenne  en  Argentina 
Calderon,  Garcia,  Latin  America:  290-298,  323-335 
Koebel,  W.  H.,  The  South  Americans:  152-169 

, British  Exploits:  481-551 

Mulhall,  The  English  in  South  America 
Shepherd,  W.  R.,  Latin  America:  81-84,  126-129,  169 
Villegas-Pulidos,  G.  T.,  Los  extranjeros  en  Venezuela 
Wintzer,  Die  Deutschen  im  tropischen  Amerika 
4.  Financial 

a.  Monetary  systems  in  Hispanic  America 

(1)  Standards  and  values 

(2)  Paper  currency 

(3)  Fluctuations 

b.  Capital  and  banking 

(1)  Number  of  banks 

(2)  Domestic  and  foreign  control  of  banking 

(3)  Branch  banks 

(a)  European 

(b)  United  States 

(4)  Scarcity  of  capital 

c.  Hispanic- American  finance 

(1)  Credits,  exchange,  solvency 

(2)  Stock  exchanges 

(3)  Bond  issues 

(4)  Public  debts 

(5)  Sinking  funds 

(6)  Insurance 

(7)  Trusts  and  corporations 

d.  Foreign  influences  upon  financial  policies 

e.  Business  enterprises 

(1)  Habits  of  business 

(2)  Buying  and  selling;  advertising 

f.  Tariff  systems 

(1)  Tariff  for  revenue 

(2)  Rates:  specific  rather  than  ad  valorem 

(3)  Variations  and  complexity 

g.  Taxation 

(1)  On  personal  property 

(2)  On  lands  and  real  estate 

(3)  On  industries 

(4)  Licenses  and  concessions 


h.  Internal  improvements  and  public  works 

(1)  History  of  internal  improvements  in  Hispanic  America 

(2)  Public  works;  postal  service;  parcel  post 

i.  Movement  for  single,  Pan  American  monetary  standard 

j.  Movement  for  Pan  American,  standardized  tariff  system 

Readings: 

Aughinbaugh,  W.  E.,  Selling  LatiH  America 
Babson,  R.  W.,  The  Future  of  Latin  America 

Crosby,  Latin  American  Monetary  System  and  Exchange  Conditions 
Hurley,  Banking  and  Credit  in  Argentina,  Brazil,  Chile  and  Peru  (Sp.  Agts.  Ser. 

No.  90,  1914,  Dept,  of  Commerce) 

Reports  of  the  Board  of  Trade  (Eng.) 

Roper,  The  Postal  Service  and  the  Latin  American  Trade 
Shepherd,  W.  R.,  Latin  America:  47-48,  150-153,  173 
South  American  Year-Book 
United  States  Consular  Reports 

Verrill,  A.  H.,  South  and  Central  American  Trade  Conditions  of  Today 
Williams,  J.  H.,  Argentine  International  Trade  under  inconvertible  Paper  Money 
Wolfe,  Foreign  Credits  (Sp.  Agts.  Ser.  No.  62,  1913,  Department  of  Commerce) 

5.  Industrial 

a.  The  most  important  industries 

(1)  Mining 

(a)  Areas  of  ore  fields 

(b)  Facilities 

(c)  Acquisition  of  mining  properties 

(d)  Labor  supply;  laws  regulating  labor  in  mines 

(e)  Gold,  silver,  diamonds,  copper,  tin,  nitrate,  coal,  and  other  mines 

(2)  Stock-raising 

(a)  Areas  adapted 

(b)  Cattle,  horse,  sheep  ranches 

(c)  Stock- yards  and  slaughter-houses 

(d)  Wool  and  hides 

Readings: 

Atlas  America-latina 

Whelpey,  Trade  Development  in  Argentina  (Sp.  Agts.  Ser.  No.  43,  1911,  Depart- 
ment of  Commerce  and  Labor) 

(3)  Rubber 

(a)  Areas  of  growth 

(b)  Processes  employed 

(c)  Labor  supply;  labor  scandals;  “black  gold” 

(4)  Agriculture 

(a)  Arable  lands  and  climatic  conditions 

(b)  Agriculture  in  connection  with  stock-raising 

(c)  Ownership  of  land 

(d)  The  agrarian  situation  in  Hispanic  America 


(e)  The  “haciendas,”  “fazendas;”  the  “chacras”  and  “potreros” 

(f)  Ag^ricultural  products:  coffee,  cacao,  yerba,  foodstuffs 
(5)  Manufacturing 

(a)  General  characteristics:  domestic  and  factory  methods 

(b)  Connection  with  other  industries 

(c)  Obstacles  in  the  way 

(d)  Products;  foodstuffs,  textiles,  machinery 

b.  European  and  American  capital  invested  in  industries 

c.  Occupations  of  foreigners  in  Hispanic  America 

Readings: 

Gemmingen, , Die  Entwickelung  der  Fabrikindustrie  im  latinischen  Amerika 

Holm,  G.,  The  Argentine  Grain  Growers’  Grievances 
Koebel,  W.  H.,  The  South  Americans:  132-151,  193-204 
Pearson,  H.  C.,  The  Rubber  Country  of  the  Amazon 
6.  Commercial 

a.  History  of  Hispanic- American  commerce 

b.  Exports  and  imports 

(1)  Character  and  value 

(2)  Destination 

c.  Commercial  enterprises 

d.  Trade  marks  and  their  use 

e.  Customs  regulations 

f.  Modern  transportation  and  communication 

(1)  Development  of  transportation  facilities 

(2)  Survival  of  colonial  methods  in  certain  areas 

(3)  Pack  trains,  stage  routes,  llama  trains 

(4)  Roads  and  highways 

(5)  Land  transportation 

(a)  Railroads:  trunk  lines;  short  lines 

(b)  International  and  transcontinental  lines 

(c)  Projected  lines 

(d)  Horse  cars  and  trolleys;  subways 

(e)  Mileage  and  rates 

(f)  Freight  rates 

(g)  Capital  and  ownership 

(6)  Water  transportation 

(a)  River  steamers  and  barges 

(b)  Oceanic  lines 

(c)  Harbor  facilities 

(d)  Rates 

g.  Communication 

(1)  Telegraph  lines 

(2)  Cable  lines 

(3)  Postal  service;  international  service 

h.  The  metric  system  of  weights  and  measures 

i.  Concessions  and  monopolies 

(i)  Procedure  in  obtaining  them 


(2)  Policies  of^various  countries  in  relation  thereto 
(,^)  Attitude  of  the  United  States  toward  them 

Readings; 

Atlas  America-latina 

Aughinbaugh,  W.  E.,  Selling  Latin  America 
Babson,  R.  W.,  The  Future  of  Latin  America 
Domville-Fife,  Great  States  of  South  America 

Gueydan,  Transportation  Facilities  of  Colombia  and  Venezuela.  (Dept,  of  Com- 
merce 

Koebel,  W.  H.,  The  South  Americans:  304-358 

Report  of  the  Bureau  of  Foreign  and  Domestic  Commerce  of  the  Commerce 
Department 

Reports  of  Bureau  of  Trade  Relations  of  the  State  Department 
Shepherd,  W.  R.,  Latin  America:  168-191 

Sheridan,  Transportation  Rights  to  the  West  Coast  of  South  America  (Sp.  Agts. 

report  Ser.  72,  1913.  Bur.  of  For.  and  Dom.  Commerce) 

Tariff  Systems  of  South  American  Countries  (Bur.  of  For.  and  Dom.  Com.) 
Trade  Mark  Registration  in  Latin  America  (Tariff  series,  No.  31,  ibid.) 

United  States  Federal  Trade  Com.  Rep.  on  Trade  and  Tariffs  in  Brazil,  Uru- 
guay, Argentina,  Chile,  Bolivia  and  Peru 
Verrill,  A.  H.,  South  and  Central  American  Trade  Conditions  of  Today 

7.  Educational  and  cultural 
a.  Educational 

(1)  General  characteristics 

(2)  Percentages  of  illiterates  in  various  countries 

(3)  Educational  progress 

(4)  Obstacles  to  popular  education 

(5)  Foreign  influences  in  education 

(a)  European  teachers  in  Flispanic  America 

(b)  American  teachers  in  Argentina  in  1868;  educational  reforms  of 

Sarmiento 

(c)  Influence  of  United  States  at  present 

(6)  Administration  of  schools 

(7)  Elementary  and  secondary  education 

(8)  Higher  education  in  Hispanic  America 

(a)  Universities 

[1]  Faculties,  courses,  and  equipment 

[2]  Libraries  and  publications 

[3]  Students 

(b)  Scientific  pursuits 

[1]  Observatories  and  other  establishments  for  study  of  geography, 

ethnology,  and  zoology 

[2]  Schools  of  medicine  and  surgery 

(c)  Industrial  and  technical  education 

(9)  Urban  and  rural  education 

(10)  Popular  interest  in  education 

[34] 


(11)  Non-official  efforts  for  promotion  of  education 

(a)  Congresses  and  teachers’  associations 

(b)  Private  schools  and  institutions 

(c)  Publications  and  lectures 

(12)  Educational  reforms  needed 
b.  Cultural  achievements  in  general 

(1)  Public  charity 

(a)  Control  and  sources  of  revenue 

(b)  Societies  and  institutions  for  social  service 

(2)  Public  libraries 

(3)  Journalism 

(a)  Status  of  the  press  in  various  countries 

(b)  Notable  newspapers 

(c)  Recent  development 

(d)  Magazines  and  periodicals 

(4)  Literature 

(a)  General  characteristics 

(b)  European,  and  particularly  French,  influence 

(c)  Representative  literary  men  and  their  works 

[1]  Novelists,  essayists,  poets 

Ricardo  Palma,  Rodo,  Alencar,  Gonzalvez  Diaz,  Zorrilla  de 
San  Martin,  Echeverria,  Sarmiento,  Ruben  Dario,  Chocano, 
Blanco  Fombona,  etc. 

[2]  Flistorians 

Alaman,  the  Amunategui,  Barros  Arana,  Genaro  Garcia,  Icaz- 
balceta.  Vicuna  Mackenna,  Mitre,  Jose  Toribio  Medina, 
Oliviera  Lima,  etc. 

[3]  Jurists 

Bello,  Calvo,  Velez  Sarsfield,  Ambrosio  Montt,  etc. 

(5)  Arts 

(a)  General  characteristics 

(b)  Achievements  in  music;  the  drama;  architecture;  painting;  and 
sculpture 

Readings : 

Alvarez,  Agustin,  Educacion  moral 

Amedeo,  Tomas,  Agricu'tural  Instruction  in  Argentina  (Bull.,  Pan  Amer.  Union, 
1920) 

Amunategui,  M.  L.,  La  alborada  poetica  en  Chile 
Amunategui,  Solar,  D.,  Bosquejo  historico  de  la  literature  chilena 
Blakeslee,  G.  H.,  (ed.)  Latin  America:  30-46,  299-306 

Brandon,  E.  E.,  Latin  American  Universities  and  Special  Schools  (United  States 
Bureau  of  Education,  bulletin.  No.  30),  1912 
Calderon,  Garcia,  Latin  America;  249-282 
Coester,  Alfred,  The  Literary  History  of  Spanish  America 
Eder,  P.  J.,  Colombia:  Chap.  16 

Goldberg,  Isaac,  Studies  in  Spanish  American  Literature 
Hirst,  W.  A.,  Argentina:  Chap.  14 


Henriquez  Urena,  M.,  Rod6  y Rubin  Dario 
Koebel,  W.  H.,  The  South  Americans:  109-132 

Lamborn, , Mexican  Paintings  and  Painters 

Lopez,  Zanelli,  Mujeres  chilenas  de  letras 

Mejia,  E.  Bravo,  Organizacion  de  las  escuelas  rurales 

Mitjans,  Aurelio,  Historia  de  la  literatura  cubana 

Monroe,  Paul,  An  Encyclopedia  of  Education  (see  discussion  under  the  names 
of  each  country) 

Oyuela,  Calixto,  Antologia  poetica  hispano-americane  (3  vols.) 

Shepherd,  Latin  America:  192-250 

, Education  in  South  America  {Rev.  of  Rev.,  May,  1908) 

, Higher  Education  in  South  America  {Columbia  University  Quarterly,  Dec., 

1907) 

, La  literatura  y el  periodismo 

Starr,  F.,  Readings  from  Modern  ^Mexican  Authors 

Umphrey,  Spanish  American  Poets  of  Today  and  Yesterday  {Hispania,  1919) 
Uriarte,  Ramon,  Galeria  poetica  centro-americana  (3  vols.) 

Walle,  Paul,  Bolivia:  Chap.  6 

Warner,  Library  of  the  World's  Best  Literature:  Vol.  15 
Wright,  M.  R.,  Bolivia 

, The  Old  and  the  New  Peru 

, The  Republic  of  Chile 


136 1 


PREVIOUS  PUBLICATIONS 


1919 

Announcement  of  Founding  of  Institute. 


1920 

Bulletin  No.  i.  First  Annual  Report  of  the  Director. 

Bulletin  No.  2.  For  Administrative  Authorities  of  Universities  and 
Colleges. 

Bulletin  No.  3.  Observations  on  Higher  Education  in  Europe. 
Opportunities  for  Higher  Education  in  France.' 

Opportunities  for  Graduate  Study  in  the  British  Isles. 


For  the  International  Relations  Clubs 

Syllabus  No.  I.  Outline  of  the  Covenant  of  the  League  of  Nations. 
Syllabus  No.  H.  The  Past,  Present  and  Future  of  the  Monroe  Doctrine. 
Syllabus  No.  HI.  The  History  of  Russia  from  Earliest  Times. 

Syllabus  No.  IV.  The  Russian  Revolution. 

Syllabus  No.  V.  The  Question  of  the  Balkans. 

Syllabus  No.  VI.  Modern  Mexican  History. 

Syllabus  No.  VH.  Hlspanic-American  History. 


1921 


Bulletin  No.  i. 
Bulletin  No.  2. 
Bulletin  No.  3. 

Bulletin  No.  4. 

Bulletin  No.  5. 


Second  Annual  Report  of  the  Director. 

Opportunities  for  Higher  Education  in  Italy. 

Serials  of  an  International  Character 
(Tentative  List  for  Libraries) 

Educational  Facilities  in  the  United  States  for  South 
African  Students. 

Guide  Book  for  Foreign  Students  in  the  United  States. 


/ 


ADVISORY  COUNCIL 


Addams,  Jane 
Alderman,  President  Edwin 
Ames,  Dean  Herman  V. 
Andrews,  Fanny  Fern 
Biggs,  Dr.  Herman 
Blakeslee,  Professor  G.  H. 
Brookings,  Robert  S. 

Bruere,  Henry 
Bull,  Dr.  Carroll  G. 

Burton,  President  M.  L. 
Byrne,  James 

Coolidge,  Professor  Archibald 
Cravath,  Paul  D. 

Cunliffe,  Professor  J.  W. 
Davis,  Katherine  B. 

Downer,  Professor  Charles  A. 
Ely,  Professor  Richard  T. 
Filene,  A.  Lincoln 
Finley,  Dr.  John  H. 

Fosdick,  Dr.  Harry  E. 

Gilbert,  Cass 
Gildersleeve,  Dean  V.  C. 
Goodnow,  President  F.  J. 
Hadley,  Dr.  A.  T. 

Hale,  Dr.  George  E. 
Harrington,  Governor  E.  C. 
Hazen,  Professor  Charles  D. 
Hibben,  President  J.  G. 

Howe,  Professor  Henry  M. 
Hughes,  Hon.  Charles  E. 
Jenks,  Professor  Jeremiah 
Judson,  President  H.  P. 
Keppel,  Frederick  P. 

Keyser,  Professor  C.  J. 

Lovett,  President  Edgar 
Lowell,  President  A.  L. 
MacCracken,  President  H.  N. 

Woolley,  Pres 


Mali,  Pierre 

Main,  President  J.  H.  T. 
Mannes,  David 
Marling,  Alfred  E. 
Meiklejohn,  President  A. 
Milliken,  Professor  R.  A. 
Moore,  Professor  E.  H. 
Morgan,  William  Fellowes 
Neilson,  President  W.  A. 
Noyes,  Professor  Arthur  A. 
Payne,  President  Bruce  R. 
Pendleton,  President  Ellen  T. 
Pupin,  Professor  Michael  1. 
Putnam,  Herbert 
Richardson,  Dr.  E.  C. 
Robinson,  Dr.  Edward 
Sachs,  Professor  Julius 
Salmon,  Dr.  Thomas  W. 
Schwedtman,  Ferdinand  C. 
Severance,  Mrs.  C.  A. 
Shanklin,  President  W.  A. 
Shorey,  Professor  Paul 
Shotwell,  Professor  J.  T. 
Showerman,  Professor  Grant 
Stimson,  Henry  L. 

Stokes,  Dr.  Anson  Phelps 
Storey,  Professor  Thomas  A. 
Suzzallo,  President  Henry 
Thomas,  President  M.  Carey 
Todd,  Professor  Henry  A. 
Townsend,  Hon.  John  G. 
Vincent,  Dr.  George  E. 

Wald,  Lillian  D. 

White,  Professor  Henry  C. 
Wilkins,  Professor  Ernest  H. 
Wilson,  Professor  George  G. 
Woodbridge,  Dean  F.  J.  E. 
lent  Mary  E. 


